Solid colorant for keratin fibers

ABSTRACT

A shaped body is provided for preparing coloring compositions and for coloring keratin fibers. The shaped body contains at least one synthetic substantive dye. The shaped body is placed in a composition containing water to form a coloring composition that can be applied to keratin fibers.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application is a continuation under 35 U.S.C. §365(c) and 35U.S.C. §120 of international application PCT/EP00/12806, filed on Dec.15, 2000, the international application not being published in English.This application also claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to DE 199 61910.7, filed on Dec. 20, 1999 and DE 100 59 290.2, filed on Nov. 29,2000.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The present invention relates to shaped bodies for coloringkeratin fibers, which comprise at least one synthetic substantive dye,to the use of these compositions for the preparation of hair-coloringpreparations, and to a method of coloring keratin fibers using theseshaped bodies.

[0003] Human hair is nowadays treated in many diverse ways with haircosmetic preparations. These include, for example, cleansing of the hairusing shampoos, care and regeneration using rinses and cures, andbleaching, coloring and shaping the hair using colorants, tints, wavingcompositions and styling preparations. In this connection, compositionsfor changing or shading the color of the hair on the head play aprominent role.

[0004] For temporary colorations, use is usually made of colorants ortints which comprise substantive dyes as coloring component. These aredye molecules which attach directly to the hair and do not require anoxidative process to develop the color. These dyes include, for example,henna, which has been known from antiquity for coloring body and hair.These colorations are generally significantly more sensitive towardshampooing than the oxidative colorations, meaning that an oftenundesired shift in shade or even a visible “decoloration” occurs verymuch more quickly.

[0005] For permanent intensive colorations with corresponding fastnessproperties, use is made of oxidation dyes. Such dyes usually compriseoxidation dye precursors, termed developer components and couplercomponents. The developer components form, under the influence ofoxidizing agents or of atmospheric oxygen among themselves, or withcoupling with one or more coupler components, the actual dyes. Theoxidation dyes are characterized by excellent, long-lasting colorresults. For natural colorations, it is usually necessary to use amixture of a relatively large number of oxidation dye precursors; inmany cases, substantive dyes are also used for shading.

[0006] Finally, a novel coloring process has recently attractedsignificant attention. In this process, precursors of the natural hairdye melanin are applied to the hair; these then develop nature-analogousdyes within the scope of oxidative processes within the hair. Such aprocess using 5,6-dihydroxyindoline as dye precursor has been describedin EP-B1-530 229. The application, in particular repeated application,of compositions comprising 5,6-dihydroxyindoline enables people withgray hair to regain their natural hair color. The coloration can bedeveloped here with atmospheric oxygen as the sole oxidizing agent,meaning that recourse does not have to be made to further oxidizingagents. In people with originally mid-blond to brown hair, the indolinecan be used as the sole dye precursor. For application in the case ofpeople with an originally red and, in particular, dark to black haircolor, satisfactory results can, by contrast, often only be achievedthrough the co-use of further dye components, in particular specificoxidation dye precursors.

[0007] Hair colorants are usually formulated in the form of aqueousemulsions or color gels which, where appropriate, are mixed with anoxidizing agent preparation directly prior to application. However, thisprocess could still be improved upon with regard to the storagestability of the formulations, the dosability and ease of handling.

[0008] DE-A-36 09 962 has proposed a tablet-shaped colorant based onhenna and oxidation dye precursors which is said to permit intensiveblack coloration for an extremely short contact time. However, thisspecification gives no information of any kind relating to the coloringshaped bodies according to the invention.

[0009] The object was therefore to optimize the tinting shaped bodieswith regard to the dissolution behavior and the rheology of theapplication mixture and also the coloring properties.

[0010] Surprisingly, it has now been found that, by using the shapedbodies of the invention, the colorations which can be achieved can besignificantly improved with regard to their intensity and fastnessproperties, and the shaped bodies are characterized by a significantlyreduced dissolution time.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0011] The present invention firstly therefore provides shaped bodiesfor coloring keratin fibers, which comprise, in a cosmeticallyacceptable carrier, at least one synthetic substantive dye.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0012] Keratin fibers are to be understood according to the invention asmeaning furs, wool, feathers and, in particular, human hair. Althoughthe shaped bodies according to the invention are primarily suitable forcoloring keratin fibers, nothing in principle opposes a use in otherfields.

[0013] Synthetic Substantive Dyes

[0014] In principle, all substantive dyes can be used according to theinvention. Nitro dyes have proven particularly suitable. According tothe invention, nitro dyes are to be understood as meaning the coloringcomponents which have at least one aromatic ring system which carries atleast one nitro group.

[0015] Particularly preferred nitro dyes are HC Yellow 2, HC Yellow 4,HC Yellow 5, HC Yellow 6, HC Yellow 12, HC Orange 1, HC Red 1, HC Red 3,HC Red 10, HC Red 11, HC Red 13, HC Red BN, HC Blue 2, HC Blue 12, HCViolet 1 and also 1,4-diamino-2-nitrobenzene, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol,1,4-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-nitrobenzene,3-nitro-4-(β-hydroxyethyl)aminophenol,2-(2′-hydroxyethyl)amino-4,6-dinitrophenol,1-(2′-hydroxyethyl)amino-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzene,1-amino-4-(2′-hydroxyethyl)amino-5-chloro-2-nitrobenzene,4-amino-3-nitrophenol, 1-(2′-ureidoethyl)amino-4-nitrobenzene,4-amino-2-nitrodiphenylamine-2′-carboxylic acid,6-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline, picramic acid and salts thereof,2-amino-6-chloro-4-nitropenol, 4-ethylamino-3-nitrobenzoic acid and2-chloro-6-ethylamino-1-hydroxy-4-nitrobenzene.

[0016] In addition to the nitro dyes, the azo dyes, anthraquinones ornaphthoquinones are also synthetic substantive dyes preferred inaccordance with the invention.

[0017] Preferred substantive dyes of this type are, for example,Disperse Orange 3, Disperse Blue 3, Disperse Violet 1, Disperse Violet4, Acid Violet 43, Disperse Black 9 and Acid Black 52 and2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone.

[0018] In addition, it may be preferred according to the invention ifthe synthetic substantive dye carries a cationic group. Particularpreference is given to

[0019] (i) cationic triphenylmethane dyes,

[0020] (ii) aromatic systems which are substituted by a quaternarynitrogen group, and

[0021] (iii) substantive dyes which contain a heterocycle which has atleast one quaternary nitrogen atom.

[0022] Examples of dyes of class (i) are, in particular, Basic Blue 7,Basic Blue 26, Basic Violet 2 and Basic Violet 14.

[0023] Examples of dyes of class (ii) are, in particular, Basic Yellow57, Basic Red 76, Basic Blue 99, Basic Brown 16 and Basic Brown 17.

[0024] Examples of dyes of class (iii) are disclosed, in particular, inEP-A2-998 908, to which reference is expressly made at this point.

[0025] Preferred cationic substantive dyes of group (iii) are, inparticular, the following compounds:

[0026] The compounds of the formulae (DZ1), (DZ3) and (DZ5) are veryparticularly preferred cationic substantive dyes from group (iii).

[0027] The shaped bodies according to the invention comprise the directdyes preferably in an amount of from 0.01 to 20% by weight.

[0028] Alkalinizing Agents

[0029] Although the shaped bodies according to the invention can, upondissolution, produce application preparations which are weakly acidic,neutral or else alkaline, the shaped bodies comprise at least onealkalinizing agent in a preferred embodiment.

[0030] In principle, the alkalinizing agents are not subject to anylimitations. Suitable alkalinizing agents are, for example, ammoniumsalts, carbonates, amino acids, alkali metal hydroxides or alkalineearth metal hydroxides and organic amines.

[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, solidalkalinizing agents are used.

[0032] In a further embodiment of the present invention, it may bepreferred to use alkalinizing agents characterized by good solubility inwater. According to the invention, readily water-soluble compounds arecompounds of which at least 5 g dissolve in 100 ml of water at 15° C.Particular preference is given to compounds with a solubility in waterof more than 7.5 g in 100 ml of water at 15° C.

[0033] In addition, the alkalinizing agents which develop only a slightpartial pressure outside of the shaped body following theirincorporation into the shaped bodies according to the invention haveproven particularly preferred.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, thealkalinizing agents used are amino acids or oligopeptides with at leastone amino group and a carboxyl or a sulfo group whose 2.5% strengthaqueous solution has a pH of greater than 9.0.

[0035] Within the scope of this embodiment, aminocarboxylic acids areparticularly preferred, in particular α-aminocarboxylic acids andΩ-aminocarboxylic acids. Of the α-aminocarboxylic acids, particularpreference is given in turn to lysine and, in particular, to arginine.

[0036] The amino acids can be added to the shaped bodies according tothe invention preferably in free form. In a number of cases, however, itis also possible to use the amino acids in salt form. Preferred saltsare then the compounds with hydrohalic acids, in particular thehydrochlorides and the hydrobromides.

[0037] Furthermore, the amino acids can also be used in the form ofoligopeptides and protein hydrolysates, if it is ensured that therequired amounts of the amino acids used according to the invention arepresent therein. In this connection, reference is made to the disclosureof DE-A 22 15 303, to which reference is expressly made.

[0038] A very particularly preferred alkalinizing agent is arginine, inparticular in free form, but also used as hydrochloride since, inaddition to its alkaline properties, it also significantly increases thepenetration ability of the dyes.

[0039] The alkalinizing agent is present in the shaped bodies accordingto the invention preferably in amounts of from 0.5 to 20% by weight, inparticular from 5 to 15% by weight, based on the total composition.

[0040] Dye Precursors

[0041] Furthermore, in addition to the substantive dyes, the shapedbodies according to the invention can comprise, as dye precursors,

[0042] oxidation dye precursors of the developer and coupler type, and

[0043] precursors of nature-analogous dyes, such as indole and indolinederivatives,

[0044] and mixtures of representatives of these groups.

[0045] The developer components usually used are primary aromatic amineswith a further free or substituted hydroxyl or amino group situated inthe para or ortho position, diaminopyridine derivatives, heterocyclichydrazones, 4-aminopyrazole derivatives, and2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine and derivatives thereof.

[0046] It may be preferred according to the invention to use ap-phenylenediamine derivative or one of its physiologically compatiblesalts as developer component. Particular preference is given top-phenylenediamine derivatives of the formula (E1)

[0047] where

[0048] G¹ is a hydrogen atom, a C₁- to C₄-alkyl radical, a C₁- toC₄-monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C₂- to C₄-polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a(C₁- to C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁- to C₄)-alkyl radical, a 4′-aminophenyl radicalor a C₁- to C₄-alkyl radical which is substituted by anitrogen-containing group, a phenyl radical or a 4′-aminophenyl radical;

[0049] G² is a hydrogen atom, a C₁- to C₄-alkyl radical, a C₁- toC₄-monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C₂- to C₄-polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a(C₁- to C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁- to C₄)-alkyl radical or a C₁- to C₄-alkylradical which is substituted by a nitrogen-containing group;

[0050] G³ is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, such as a chlorine,bromine, iodine or fluorine atom, a C₁- to C₄-alkyl radical, a C₁- toC₄-monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C₁- to C₄-hydroxyalkoxy radical, a C₁- toC₄-acetylaminoalkoxy radical, a C₁- to C₄-mesylaminoalkoxy radical or aC₁- to C₄-carbamoylaminoalkoxy radical;

[0051] G⁴ is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a C₁- to C₄-alkylradical or

[0052] if G³ and G⁴ are in the ortho position relative to one another,they can together form a bridging α,Ω-alkylenedioxo group, such as, forexample, an ethylenedioxy group.

[0053] Examples of the C₁- to C₄-alkyl radicals named as substituents inthe compounds according to the invention are the groups methyl, ethyl,propyl, isopropyl and butyl. Ethyl and methyl are preferred alkylradicals. C₁- to C₄-alkoxy radicals preferred according to the inventionare, for example, a methoxy or an ethoxy group. In addition, preferredexamples of a C₁- to C₄-hydroxyalkyl group which may be mentioned are ahydroxymethyl group, a 2-hydroxyethyl group, a 3-hydroxypropyl group ora 4-hydroxybutyl group. A 2-hydroxyethyl group is particularlypreferred. Examples of halogen atoms according to the invention are F,Cl or Br atoms, Cl atoms being very particularly preferred. The otherterms used are derived, according to the invention, from the definitionsgiven here. Examples of nitrogen-containing groups of the formula (II)are, in particular, the amino groups, C₁- to C₄-monoalkylamino groups,C₁- to C₄-dialkylamino groups, C₁- to C₄-trialkylammonium groups, C₁- toC₄-monohydroxyalkylamino groups, imidazolinium and ammonium.

[0054] Particularly preferred p-phenylenediamines of the formula (E1)are chosen from p-phenylenediamine, p-tolylenediamine,2-chloro-p-phenylenediamine, 2,3-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine,2,6-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,6-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine,2,5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine,N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine, N,N-dipropyl-p-phenylenediamine,4-amino-3-methyl-(N,N-diethyl)aniline,N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine,4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylaniline,4-N,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-chloroaniline,2-(β-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine, 2-fluoro-p-phenylenediamine,2-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine, N-(β-hydroxypropyl)-p-phenylenediamine,2-hydroxymethyl-p-phenylenediamine,N,N-dimethyl-β-methyl-p-phenylenediamine,N,N-(ethyl,β-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine,N-(β,γ-dihydroxypropyl)-p-phenylenediamine,N-(4′-aminophenyl)-p-phenylenediamine, N-phenyl-p-phenylene-diamine,2-(β-hydroxyethyloxy)-p-phenylenediamine,2-(β-acetylaminoethyloxy)-p-phenylenediamine,N-(β-methoxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine and 5,8-diaminobenzo-1,4-dioxaneand their physiologically compatible salts.

[0055] According to the invention, very particularly preferredp-phenylenediamine derivatives of the formula (E1) arep-phenylenediamine, p-tolylenediamine,2-(β-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine andN,N-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-p-phenylenediamine.

[0056] According to the invention, it may also be preferred to usecompounds which contain at least two aromatic nuclei which aresubstituted by amino and/or hydroxyl groups, as developer component.

[0057] Of the binuclear developer components which can be used in thecoloring compositions according to the invention, particular mention maybe made of the compounds which conform to the following formula (E2),and of their physiologically compatible salts:

[0058] where:

[0059] Z¹ and Z², independently of one another, are a hydroxyl or NH₂radical which may be substituted by a C₁- to C₄-alkyl radical, by a C₁-to C₄-hydroxyalkyl radical and/or by a bridging Y, or which may be partof a bridging ring system,

[0060] the bridging Y is an alkylene group having 1 to 14 carbon atoms,such as, for example, a linear or branched alkylene chain or an alkylenering which may be interrupted or ended by one or morenitrogen-containing groups and/or one or more heteroatoms, such asoxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms, and may possibly be substituted by oneor more hydroxyl or C₁- to C₈-alkoxy radicals, or a direct bond,

[0061] G⁵ and G⁶, independently of one another, are a hydrogen orhalogen atom, a C₁- to C₄-alkyl radical, a C₁- to C₄-monohydroxyalkylradical, a C₂- to C₄-polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a C₁- to C₄-aminoalkylradical or a direct bond to the bridging Y,

[0062] G⁷, G⁸, G⁹, G¹⁰, G¹¹ and G¹², independently of one another, are ahydrogen atom, a direct bond to the bridging Y or a C₁- to C₄-alkylradical, with the provisos that

[0063] the compounds of the formula (E2) contain only one bridging Y permolecule and

[0064] the compounds of the formula (E2) contain at least one aminogroup which carries at least one hydrogen atom.

[0065] According to the invention, the substituents used in formula (E2)are defined analogously to the above statements.

[0066] Preferred binuclear developer components of the formula (E2) are,in particular:N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol,N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)ethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4-aminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(4-methylaminophenyl)tetramethylenediamine,N,N′-bis(ethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-amino-3′-methylphenyl)ethylenediamine,bis(2-hydroxy-5-aminophenyl)methane,1,4-bis(4′-aminophenyl)diazacyclo-heptane,N,N′-bis(2-hydroxy-5-aminobenzyl)piperazine,

[0067] N-(4′-aminophenyl)-p-phenylenediamine and1,10-bis-(2′,5′-diaminophenyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraoxadecane and theirphysiologically compatible salts.

[0068] Very particularly preferred binuclear developer components of theformula (E2) areN,N′-bis(β-hydroxyethyl)-N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol,bis(2-hydroxy-5-aminophenyl)methane,N,N′-bis(4′-aminophenyl)-1,4-diaza-cycloheptane and1,10-bis(2′,5′-diaminophenyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraoxadecane or one of theirphysiologically compatible salts.

[0069] Furthermore, according to the invention it may be preferred touse a p-aminophenol derivative or one of its physiologically compatiblesalts as developer component. Particular preference is given top-aminophenol derivatives of the formula (E3)

[0070] where:

[0071] G¹³ is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C₁- to C₄-alkylradical, a C₁- to C₄-monohydroxyalkyl radical, a (C₁- to C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁-to C₄)-alkyl radical, a C₁- to C₄-aminoalkyl radical, a hydroxy-(C₁- toC₄)-alkylamino radical, a C₁- to C₄-hydroxyalkoxy radical, a C₁- toC₄-hydroxyalkyl-(C₁- to C₄)-aminoalkyl radical or a (di-C₁- toC₄-alkylamino)-(C₁- to C₄)-alkyl radical, and

[0072] G¹⁴ is a hydrogen or halogen atom, a C₁- to C₄-alkyl radical, aC₁- to C₄-monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C₂- to C₄-polyhydroxyalkylradical, a (C₁- to C₄)-alkoxy-(C₁- to C₄)-alkyl radical, a C₁- toC₄-aminoalkyl radical or a C₁- to C₄-cyanoalkyl radical,

[0073] G¹⁵ is hydrogen, a C₁- to C₄-alkyl radical, a C₁- toC₄-monohydroxyalkyl radical, a C₂- to C₄-polyhydroxyalkyl radical, aphenyl radical or a benzyl radical, and

[0074] G¹⁶ is hydrogen or a halogen atom.

[0075] The substituents used in formula (E3) are defined according tothe invention analogously to the above statements.

[0076] Preferred p-aminophenols of the formula (E3) are, in particular,p-aminophenol, N-methyl-p-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol,4-amino-3-fluorophenol, 2-hydroxymethylamino-4-aminophenol,4-amino-3-hydroxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenol,4-amino-2-methylphenol, 4-amino-2-hydroxymethylphenol,4-amino-2-methoxymethylphenol, 4-amino-2-aminomethylphenol,4-amino-2-(β-hydroxyethyl-aminomethyl)phenol, 4-amino-2-fluorophenol,4-amino-2-chlorophenol, 2,6-dichloro-4-aminophenol,4-amino-2-((diethylamino)methyl)phenol and their physiologicallycompatible. salts.

[0077] Very particularly preferred compounds of the formula (E3) arep-aminophenol, 4-amino-3-methylphenol, 4-amino-2-aminomethylphenol and4-amino-2-((diethylamino)methyl)phenol.

[0078] In addition, the developer component can be chosen fromo-aminophenol and its derivatives, such as, for example,2-amino-4-methylphenol or 2-amino-4-chlorophenol.

[0079] In addition, the developer component can be chosen fromheterocyclic developer components, such as, for example, the pyridine,pyrimidine, pyrazole, pyrazole-pyrimidine derivatives and theirphysiologically compatible salts.

[0080] Preferred pyridine derivatives are, in particular, the compoundswhich are described in the patents GB 1 026 978 and GB 1 153 196, suchas 2,5-diaminopyridine, 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)amino-3-aminopyridine,2,3-diamino-6-methoxypyridine,2-(β-methoxyethyl)amino-3-amino-6-methoxypyridine and3,4-diaminopyridine.

[0081] Preferred pyrimidine derivatives are, in particular, thecompounds which are described in German patent DE 2 359 399, Japaneselaid-open specification JP 02019576 A2 or in laid-open specification WO96/15765, such as 2,4,5,6-tetraminopyrimidine,4-hydroxy-2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine, 2-hydroxy-4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine,2-dimethylamino-4,5,6-triaminopyrimidine,2,4-dihydroxy-5,6-diaminopyrimidine and 2,5,6-triaminopyrimidine.

[0082] Preferred pyrazole derivatives are, in particular, the compoundswhich are described in the patents DE 3 843 892, DE 4 133 957 and patentapplications WO 94/08969, WO 94/08970, EP-740931 and DE 195 43 988, suchas 4,5-diamino-1-methylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)pyrazole,3,4-diaminopyrazole, 4,5-diamino-1-(4′-chlorobenzyl)pyrazole,4,5-diamino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole, 4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-methyl-3-phenylpyrazole,4-amino-1,3-dimethyl-5-hydrazinopyrazole,1-benzyl-4,5-diamino-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-tert-butyl-1-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-tert-butyl-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-(β-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-(4′-methoxyphenyl)pyrazole,4,5-diamino-1-ethyl-3-hydroxymethylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-methylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-hydroxymethyl-1-isopropylpyrazole,4,5-diamino-3-methyl-1-isopropylpyrazole,4-amino-5-(2′-aminoethyl)amino-1,3-dimethylpyrazole,3,4,5-triaminopyrazole, 1-methyl-3,4,5-triaminopyrazole,3,5-diamino-1-methyl-4-methylaminopyrazole and3,5-diamino-4(β-hydroxyethyl)amino-1-methylpyrazole.

[0083] Preferred pyrazole-pyrimidine derivatives are, in particular, thederivatives of pyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine of the following formula (E4)and its tautomeric forms provided a tautomeric equilibrium exists:

[0084] where:

[0085] G¹⁷, G¹⁸, G¹⁹ and G²⁰, independently of one another, are ahydrogen atom, a C₁- to C₄-alkyl radical, an aryl radical, a C₁- toC₄-hydroxyalkyl radical, a C₂- to C₄-polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a (C₁- toC₄)-alkoxy-(C₁- to C₄)-alkyl radical, a C₁- to C₄-aminoalkyl radical,which may optionally be protected by an acetyl-ureide or sulfonylradical, a (C₁- to C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁- to C₄)-alkyl radical, a di[(C₁-to C₄)-alkyl]-(C₁- to C₄)-aminoalkyl radical, where the dialkyl radicalsoptionally form a carbon cycle or a heterocycle with 5 or 6 chainmembers, a C₁- to C₄-hydroxyalkyl or a di(C₁- to C₄)-[hydroxyalkyl]-(C₁-to C₄)-aminoalkyl radical,

[0086] the X radicals, independently of one another, are a hydrogenatom, a C₁- to C₄-alkyl radical, an aryl radical, a C₁- toC₄-hydroxyalkyl radical, a C₂- to C₄-polyhydroxyalkyl radical, a C₁- toC₄-aminoalkyl radical, a (C₁- to C₄)-alkylamino-(C₁- to C₄) -alkylradical, a di[(C₁- to C₄)alkyl]-(C₁- to C₄)-aminoalkyl radical, wherethe dialkyl radicals optionally form a carbon cycle or a heterocyclewith 5 or 6 chain members, a C₁- to C₄-hydroxyalkyl or a di(C₁- toC₄-hydroxyalkyl)aminoalkyl radical, an amino radical, a C₁- to C₄-alkylor a di(C₁- to C₄-hydroxyalkyl)amino radical, a halogen atom, acarboxylic acid group or a sulfonic acid group,

[0087] i has the value 0, 1, 2 or 3,

[0088] p has the value 0 or 1,

[0089] q has the value 0 or 1 and

[0090] n has the value 0 or 1,

[0091] with the proviso that

[0092] the sum p+q is not 0,

[0093] if p+q is 2, n has the value 0, and the groups NG¹⁷G¹⁸ andNG¹⁹G²⁰ occupy the positions (2,3); (5,6); (6,7); (3,5) or (3,7);

[0094] if p+q is 1, n has the value 1, and the groups NG¹⁷G¹⁸ (orNG¹⁹G²⁰) and the group OH occupy the positions (2,3); (5,6); (6,7);(3,5) or (3,7);

[0095] The substituents used in formula (E4) are defined according tothe invention analogously to the above statements.

[0096] If the pyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine of the above formula (E4)contains a hydroxyl group on one of the positions 2, 5 or 7 of the ringsystem, a tautomeric equilibrium exists, which is shown, for example, inthe following scheme:

[0097] Of the pyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidines of the above formula (E4),particular mention may be made of:

[0098] pyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;

[0099] 2,5-dimethylpyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;

[0100] pyrazole[1,5-a]-pyrimidine-3,5-diamine;

[0101] 2,7-dimethylpyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine-3,5-diamine;

[0102] 3-aminopyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidin-7-ol;

[0103] 3-aminopyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidin-5-ol;

[0104] 2-(3-aminopyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidin-7-ylamino)ethanol;

[0105] 2-(7-aminopyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidin-3-ylamino)ethanol;

[0106]2-[(3-aminopyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidin-7-yl)-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol;

[0107]2-[(7-aminopyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidin-3-yl)-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethanol;

[0108] 5,6-dimethylpyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;

[0109] 2,6-dimethylpyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;

[0110] 2,5,N7,N7-tetramethylpyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidine-3,7-diamine;

[0111] and their physiologically compatible salts and their tautomericforms if a tautomeric equilibrium is present.

[0112] The pyrazole-[1,5-a]-pyrimidines of the above formula (E4) can beprepared as described in the literature by cyclization starting from anaminopyrazole or from hydrazine.

[0113] The coupler components usually used are m-phenylene-diaminederivatives, naphthols, resorcinol and resorcinol derivatives,pyrazolones and m-aminophenol derivatives. Suitable coupler substancesare, in particular, 1-naphthol, 1,5-, 2,7- and1,7-dihydroxy-naphthalene, 5-amino-2-methylphenol, m-aminophenol,resorcinol, resorcinol monomethyl ether, m-phenylenediamine,1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone, 2,4-dichloro-3-aminophenol,1,3-bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)propane, 2-chlororesorcinol,4-chlororesorcinol, 2-chloro-6-methyl-3-aminophenol,2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, 2-methylresorcinol, 5-methylresorcinol and2-methyl-4-chloro-5-aminophenol.

[0114] Preferred coupler components according to the invention are:

[0115] m-aminophenol and its derivatives, such as, for example,5-amino-2-methylphenol, 3-amino-2-chloro-6-methylphenol,2-hydroxy-4-aminophenoxyethanol, 2,6-dimethyl-3-aminophenol,3-trifluoroacetylamino-2-chloro-6-methylphenol,5-amino-4-chloro-2-methylphenol, 5-amino-4-methoxy-2-methylphenol,5-(2′-hydroxyethyl)amino-2-methylphenol, 3-(diethylamino)phenol,N-cyclopentyl-3-aminophenol, 1,3-dihydroxy-5-(methylamino)benzene,3-(ethylamino)-4-methylphenol and 2,4-dichloro-3-aminophenol,

[0116] o-aminophenol and derivatives thereof,

[0117] m-diaminobenzene and derivatives thereof, such as, for example,2,4-diaminophenoxyethanol, 1,3-bis(2,4-diaminophenoxy)propane,1-methoxy-2-amino-4-(2′-hydroxyethylamino)benzene,1,3-bis(2,4-diaminophenyl)propane,2,6-bis(2-hydroxyethylamino)-1-methylbenzene and1-amino-3-bis(2′-hydroxyethyl)aminobenzene,

[0118] o-diaminobenzene and derivatives thereof, such as, for example,3,4-diaminobenzoic acid and 2,3-diamino-1-methylbenzene,

[0119] di- or trihydroxybenzene derivatives, such as, for example,resorcinol, resorcinol monomethyl ether, 2-methylresorcinol,5-methylresorcinol, 2,5-dimethylresorcinol, 2-chlororesorcinol,4-chlororesorcinol, pyrogallol and 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene,

[0120] pyridine derivatives, such as, for example,2,6-dihydroxypyridine, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine,2-amino-5-chloro-3-hydroxypyridine,3-amino-2-methylamino-6-methoxypyridine,2,6-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethylpyridine, 2,6-dihydroxy-4-methylpyridine,2,6-diaminopyridine, 2,3-diamino-6-methoxypyridine and3,5-diamino-2,6-dimethoxypyridine,

[0121] naphthalene derivatives, such as, for example, 1-naphthol,2-methyl-1-naphthol, 2-hydroxymethyl-1-naphthol,2-hydroxyethyl-1-naphthol, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene,1,6-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene,1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene and2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene,

[0122] morpholine derivatives, such as, for example,6-hydroxybenzomorpholine and 6-aminobenzomorpholine,

[0123] quinoxaline derivatives, such as, for example,6-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline,

[0124] pyrazole derivatives, such as, for example,1-phenyl-3-methylpyrazol-5-one,

[0125] indole derivatives, such as, for example, 4-hydroxyindole,6-hydroxyindole and 7-hydroxyindole,

[0126] pyrimidine derivatives, such as, for example,4,6-diaminopyrimidine, 4-amino-2,6-dihydroxypyrimidine,2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine, 2,4,6-trihydroxypyrimidine,2-amino-4-methylpyrimidine, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine and4,6-dihydroxy-2-methylpyrimidine, or

[0127] methylenedioxybenzene derivatives, such as, for example,1-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene, 1-amino-3,4-methylenedioxybenzeneand 1(2′-hydroxyethyl)amino-3,4-methylenedioxybenzene.

[0128] Particularly preferred coupler components are 1-naphthol, 1,5-,2,7- and 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 3-aminophenol,5-amino-2-methylphenol, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine, resorcinol,4-chlororesorcinol, 2-chloro-6-methyl-3-aminophenol, 2-methylresorcinol,5-methylresorcinol, 2,5-dimethylresorcinol and2,6-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethylpyridine.

[0129] It is not necessary for the oxidation dye precursors or thesubstantive dyes each to represent uniform compounds. Rather, as aconsequence of the preparation processes for the individual dyes, thehair colorants according to the invention may also comprise furthercomponents in lesser amounts, provided these do not adversely affect thecoloring result or do not have to be excluded for other reasons, e.g.toxicological reasons.

[0130] With regard to the dyes which can be used in the hair colorantsand tints according to the invention, express reference is made to themonograph Ch. Zviak, The Science of Hair Care, Chapter 7 (pages 248-250;substantive dyes), and Chapter 8, pages 264-267; oxidation dyeprecursors), published as Volume 7 of the series “Dermatology” (Ed.:Ch., Culnan and H. Maibach), Verlag Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, Basle,1986, and the “European Inventory of Cosmetic Raw Materials”, publishedby the European Community, obtainable in floppy disk form from theBundesverband Deutscher Industrie-und Handelsunternehmen fürArzneimittel, Reformwaren und Köperpflegemittel e.V., [FederalAssociation of German Industrial and Commercial Enterprises forMedicaments, Healthcare and Bodycare Products], Mannheim.

[0131] The oxidation dye precursors are present in the compositionsaccording to the invention preferably in amounts of from 0.01 to 20% byweight, preferably 0.5 to 5% by weight, in each case based on the totalcomposition.

[0132] The precursors of nature-analogous dyes used are preferably thoseindoles and indolines which have at least one hydroxyl or amino group,preferably as substituent on the 6-membered ring. These groups can carryfurther substituents, e.g. in the form of an etherification oresterification of the hydroxyl group or an alkylation of the aminogroup.

[0133] Particularly suitable precursors of nature-analogous hair dyesare derivatives of 5,6-dihydroxyindoline of the formula (Ia),

[0134] in which, independently of one another,

[0135] R¹ is hydrogen, a C₁-C₄-alkyl group or a C₁-C₄-hydroxyalkylgroup,

[0136] R² is hydrogen or a —COOH group, where the —COOH group can alsobe in the form of a salt with a physiologically compatible cation,

[0137] R³ is hydrogen or a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,

[0138] R⁴ is hydrogen, a C₁-C₄-alkyl group or a group

[0139] —CO—R⁶ in which

[0140] R⁶ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, and

[0141] R⁵ is one of the groups given under R⁴,

[0142] and physiologically compatible salts of these compounds with anorganic or inorganic acid.

[0143] Particularly preferred indoline derivatives are5,6-dihydroxyindoline, N-methyl-5,6-dihydroxyindoline,N-ethyl-5,6-dihydroxyindoline, N-propyl-5,6-dihydroxyindoline,N-butyl-5,6-dihydroxyindoline, 5,6-dihydroxyindoline-2-carboxylic acid,and 6-hydroxyindoline, 6-aminoindoline and 4-aminoindoline.

[0144] Within this group, particular preference is given toN-methyl-5,6-dihydroxyindoline, N-ethyl-5,6-dihydroxyindoline,N-propyl-5,6-dihydroxyindoline, N-butyl-5,6-dihydroxyindoline and, inparticular, 5,6-dihydroxyindoline.

[0145] Also highly suitable precursors of nature-analogous hair dyes arederivatives of 5,6-dihydroxyindole of the formula (Ib),

[0146] in which, independently of one another,

[0147] R¹ is hydrogen, a C₁-C₄-alkyl group or a C₁-C₄-hydroxyalkylgroup,

[0148] R² is hydrogen or a —COOH group, where the —COOH group may alsobe in the form of a salt with a physiologically compatible cation,

[0149] R³ is hydrogen or a C₁-C₄-alkyl group,

[0150] R⁴ is hydrogen, a C₁-C₄-alkyl group or a group —CO—R⁶, in which

[0151] R⁶ is a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, and

[0152] R⁵ is one of the groups given under R⁴, and physiologicallycompatible salts of these compounds with an organic or inorganic acid.

[0153] Particularly preferred indole derivatives are5,6-dihydroxyindole, N-methyl-5,6-dihydroxyindole,N-ethyl-5,6-dihydroxyindole, N-propyl-5,6-dihydroxyindole,N-butyl-5,6-dihydroxyindole, 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid,6-hydroxyindole, 6-aminoindole and 4-aminoindole.

[0154] Within this group, preference is given toN-methyl-5,6-dihydroxyindole, N-ethyl-5,6-dihydroxyindole,N-propyl-5,6-dihydroxyindole, N-butyl-5,6-dihydroxyindole and, inparticular, 5,6-dihydroxyindole.

[0155] The indoline and indole derivatives can be used in the colorantsused within the scope of the process according to the invention eitheras free bases or in the form of their physiologically compatible saltswith inorganic or organic acids, e.g. the hydrochlorides, sulfates andhydrobromides. The indole or indoline derivatives are usually presenttherein in amounts of from 0.05-10% by weight, preferably 0.2-5% byweight.

[0156] When dye precursors of the indoline or indole type in particularare used, it has proven advantageous to use an amino acid and/or anoligopeptide as the alkalinizing agent.

[0157] In addition, the preparations according to the invention can alsocomprise naturally occurring dyes, such as, for example, henna red,henna neutral, henna black, camomile blossom, sandalwood, black tea,buckthorn bark, sage, logwood, madder root, catechu, cedar and alkannaroot.

[0158] Oxidizing Agents

[0159] The shaped bodies according to the invention can additionallycomprise an oxidizing agent. On the one hand, the oxidizing agent can beused to brighten the fibers to be treated. Fibers “decolored” in thisway can then be colored in the same operating cycle with the syntheticsubstantive dyes meaning that a greater shade spectrum is accessible. Onthe other hand, however, the addition of an oxidizing agent can alsoserve to develop the actual dye from the dye precursors.

[0160] Although the choice of oxidizing agent is in principle notsubject to any limitations, it may be preferred according to theinvention to use addition products of hydrogen peroxide, in particularonto urea, melamine or sodium borate, as oxidizing agents. The use ofpercarbamide is particularly preferred.

[0161] In addition, it is possible to carry out the oxidation usingenzymes, the enzymes being used both for generating oxidizingpercompounds, and also for enhancing the effect of a small amount ofoxidizing agents present.

[0162] Thus, the enzymes (enzyme class 1: oxidoreductases) can transferelectrons from suitable developer components (reducing agents) toatmospheric oxygen. Preference is given here to oxidases, such astyrosinase and laccase, but also glucose oxidase, uricase or pyruvateoxidase. Furthermore, mention may be made of the action to enhance theeffect of small amounts (e.g. 1% and less, based on the overallcomposition) of hydrogen peroxide by peroxidases.

[0163] The development of the color can also be aided and increased byadding certain metal ions to the shaped body. Such metal ions are, forexample, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Mn²+, Mn⁴⁺, Li⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺ and Al³⁺.Here, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Mn²⁺ are particularly suitable. The metal ions can,in principle, be used in the form of any desired physiologicallycompatible salt. Preferred salts are the acetates, sulfates, halides,lactates and tartrates. By using these metal salts, it is possible bothto accelerate the development of the coloration, and also to influencethe color shade in a targeted manner. It has, however, also provenpracticable to use the metal ions in the form of their complexes or elsepositioned on zeolites to increase the coloring power.

[0164] Dissolution Accelerators

[0165] The shaped body according to the invention comprises, in apreferred embodiment of the present invention, a dissolutionaccelerator. The term dissolution accelerator covers here gas-evolvingcomponents, preformed and enclosed gases, disintegrants, and mixturesthereof.

[0166] In an embodiment of the present invention, gas-evolvingcomponents are used as dissolution accelerators. These components reacttogether upon contact with water, with the in situ formation of gaseswhich generate a pressure in the tablet, which causes the tablet todisintegrate into relatively small particles. One example of such asystem are special combinations of suitable acids with bases. Preferenceis given to mono-, di- or trihydric acids with a pK_(a) value of from1.0 to 6.9. Preferred acids are citric acid, malic acid, maleic acid,malonic acid, itaconic acid, tartaric acid, oxalic acid, glutaric acid,glutamic acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, glycolic acid, and mixturesthereof. Particular preference is given to citric acid. It may be veryparticularly preferred to use the citric acid in particulate form, theparticles having a diameter of less than 1000 μm, in particular lessthan 700 μm, very particularly preferably less than 400 μm. Furtheralternative suitable acids are the homopolymers or copolymers of acrylicacid, maleic acid, methacrylic acid or itaconic acid with a molecularweight of from 2000 to 200 000. Particular preference is given tohomopolymers of acrylic acid and copolymers of acrylic acid and maleicacid. According to the invention, preferred bases are alkali metalsilicates, carbonates, hydrogencarbonates, and mixtures thereof.Metasilicates, hydrogencarbonates and carbonates are particularlypreferred, and hydrogencarbonates are very particularly preferred.Particular preference is given to particulate hydrogencarbonates with aparticle diameter of less than 1000 μm, in particular less than 700 μm,very particularly preferably less than 400 μm. Sodium or potassium saltsof the abovementioned bases are particularly preferred. Thesegas-evolving components are present in the coloring shaped bodiesaccording to the invention preferably in an amount of at least 10% byweight, in particular of at least 20% by weight.

[0167] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the gas ispreformed or enclosed, meaning that as the shaped body starts todissolve, gas starts to evolve and accelerate further dissolution.Examples of suitable gases are air, carbon dioxide, N₂O, oxygen and/orother nontoxic, noncombustible gases.

[0168] In a third, particularly preferred embodiment of the presentinvention, disintegration auxiliaries, termed shaped body disintegrants,are incorporated into the shaped bodies as dissolution accelerators inorder to shorten the disintegration times. According to Römpp (9^(th)Edition, Vol. 6, p. 4440) and Voigt “Lehrbuch der pharmazeutischenTechnologie” [Handbook of pharmaceutical technology] (6^(th) edition,1987, pp. 182-184), shaped body disintegrants or disintegrationaccelerators are to be understood as meaning auxiliaries which providefor the rapid disintegration of shaped bodies in water or gastric juiceand for the release of pharmaceuticals in resorbable form.

[0169] These substances, which are also referred to as disintegrantsbecause of their action, increase their volume (swelling) as waterenters. Swelling disintegration auxiliaries are, for example, syntheticpolymers, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) or natural polymers ormodified natural substances, such as cellulose and starch and theirderivatives, alginates or casein derivatives.

[0170] For the purposes of the present invention, preferreddisintegration agents used are disintegration agents based on cellulose,meaning that preferred shaped bodies comprise such a disintegrationagent based on cellulose in amounts of from 0.5 to 50% by weight,preferably 3 to 30% by weight, based on the overall shaped body. Purecellulose has the formal empirical composition (C₆H₁₀O₅)_(n) and, whenconsidered formally, represents a β-1,4-polyacetal of cellobiose whichin turn is constructed from two molecules of glucose. Suitablecelluloses consist here of about 500 to 5000 glucose units andaccordingly have average molar masses of from 50 000 to 500 000. For thepurposes of the present invention, cellulose-based disintegration agentswhich can be used are also cellulose derivatives obtainable bypolymer-analogous reactions from cellulose. Such chemically modifiedcelluloses include here, for example, products from esterifications oretherifications in which hydroxyl hydrogen atoms have been substituted.However, celluloses in which the hydroxyl groups have been replaced byfunctional groups which are not bonded via an oxygen atom can also beused as cellulose derivatives. The group of cellulose derivativesincludes, for example, alkali metal celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose(CMC), cellulose esters and ethers, and aminocelluloses. Said cellulosederivatives are preferably not used as single cellulose-baseddisintegration agents, but in a mixture with cellulose. The content ofcellulose derivatives in these mixtures is preferably below 50% byweight, particularly preferably below 20% by weight, based on thecellulose-based disintegration agent. A particularly preferredcellulose-based disintegration agent used is pure cellulose which isfree from cellulose derivatives.

[0171] The cellulose used as disintegration auxiliary is preferably notused in finely divided form, but converted to a more coarse form, forexample granulated or compacted, before being added to the premixes tobe compressed. The particle sizes of such disintegration agents aremostly above 200 μm, preferably to a degree of at least 90% by weightbetween 300 and 1600 μm and in particular to a degree of at least 90% byweight between 400 and 1200 μm. The disintegration auxiliaries accordingto the invention are, for example, available commercially under the nameArbocel® from Rettenmaier. A preferred disintegration auxiliary is, forexample, Arbocel® TF-30-HG.

[0172] A further cellulose-based disintegration aid or constituent ofthis component used may be microcrystalline cellulose. Thismicrocrystalline cellulose is obtained by partial hydrolysis ofcelluloses under conditions which only attack and completely dissolvethe amorphous regions (about 30% of the overall cellulose mass) of thecelluloses, but leave the crystalline regions (about 70%) undamaged.Subsequent disaggregation of the microfine celluloses which form as aresult of the hydrolysis produces the microcrystalline celluloses whichhave primary particle sizes of about 5 μm and can be compacted, forexample, to give granulates with an average particle size of 200 μm.Suitable microcrystalline cellulose is available commercially, forexample, under the trade name Avicel®.

[0173] Accelerated dissolution of the shaped bodies can also be achievedaccording to the invention by pregranulation of the other constituentsof the shaped body.

[0174] Further Components

[0175] In addition to said ingredients, the shaped bodies according tothe invention can also comprise all active ingredients, additives andauxiliaries known for such preparations. In many cases, the shapedbodies comprise at least one surfactant, both anionic and alsozwitterionic, ampholytic, nonionic and cationic surfactants in principlebeing suitable. In many cases, it has, however, proven advantageous tochoose the surfactants from anionic, zwitterionic or nonionicsurfactants.

[0176] Anionic surfactants suitable in preparations according to theinvention are all anionic surface-active substances suitable for use onthe human body. These are characterized by a solubilizing, anionicgroup, such as, for example, a carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate orphosphate group, and a lipophilic alkyl group having about 10 to 22carbon atoms. Additionally, glycol or polyglycol ether groups, estergroups, ether groups and amide groups, and also hydroxyl groups, may bepresent in the molecule. Examples of suitable anionic surfactants are,in each case in the form of the sodium, potassium and ammonium and alsothe mono-, di- and trialkanolammonium salts with 2 or 3 carbon atoms inthe alkanol group,

[0177] linear fatty acids having 10 to 22 carbon atoms (soaps),

[0178] ether carboxylic acids of the formulaR—O—(CH₂—CH₂O)_(x)—CH₂—COOH, in which R is a linear alkyl group having10 to 22 carbon atoms and x=0 or 1 to 16,

[0179] acyl sarcosides having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group,

[0180] acyl taurides having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group,

[0181] acyl isethionates having 10 to 18 carbon atoms in the acyl group,

[0182] sulfosuccinic mono- and dialkyl esters having 8 to 18 carbonatoms in the alkyl group and sulfosuccinic monoalkyl polyoxyethyl estershaving 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 1 to 6 oxyethylgroups,

[0183] linear alkanesulfonates having 12 to 18 carbon atoms,

[0184] linear alpha-olefinsulfonates having 12 to 18 carbon atoms,

[0185] alpha-sulfo fatty acid methyl esters of fatty acids having 12 to18 carbon atoms,

[0186] alkyl sulfates and alkyl polyglycol ether sulfates of the formulaR—O(CH₂—CH₂O)_(x)—SO₃H in which R is a preferably linear alkyl grouphaving 10 to 18 carbon atoms and x=0 or 1 to 12,

[0187] mixtures of surface-active hydroxysulfonates according to DE-A-3725 030,

[0188] sulfated hydroxyalkyl polyethylene and/or hydroxyalkylenepropylene glycol ethers according to DE-A-37 23 354,

[0189] sulfonates of unsaturated fatty acids having 12 to 24 carbonatoms and 1 to 6 double bonds according to DE-A-39 26 344,

[0190] esters of tartaric acid and citric acid with alcohols whichrepresent addition products of about 2-15 molecules of ethylene oxideand/or propylene oxide onto fatty alcohols having 8 to 22 carbon atoms.

[0191] Preferred anionic surfactants are alkyl sulfates, alkylpolyglycol ether sulfates and ether carboxylic acids having 10 to 18carbon atoms in the alkyl group and up to 12 glycol ether groups in themolecule, and in particular salts of saturated and in particularunsaturated C₈-C₂₂-carboxylic acids, such as oleic acid, stearic acid,isostearic acid and palmitic acid.

[0192] Noniogenic surfactants comprise, as hydrophilic group, e.g. apolyol group, a polyalkylene glycol ether group or a combination ofpolyol and polyglycol ether group. Such compounds are, for example,

[0193] addition products of from 2 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and/or 0to 5 mol of propylene oxide onto linear fatty alcohols having 8 to 22carbon atoms, onto fatty acids having 12 to 22 carbon atoms and ontoalkylphenols having 8 to 15 carbon atoms in the alkyl group,

[0194] C₁₂-C₂₂-fatty acid mono- and diesters of addition products offrom 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide onto glycerol,

[0195] C₈-C₂₂-alkyl mono- and oligoglycosides and ethoxylated analogsthereof, and

[0196] addition products of from 5 to 60 mol of ethylene oxide ontocastor oil and hydrogenated castor oil.

[0197] Preferred nonionic surfactants are alkyl polyglycosides of thegeneral formula R¹O—(Z)_(x). These compounds are, for example, availableunder the trade name Plantacare® from Henkel and are characterized bythe following parameters.

[0198] The alkyl radical R¹ contains 6 to 22 carbon atoms and may eitherbe linear or branched. Preference is given to primary linear radicalsand aliphatic radicals methyl-branched in the 2-position. Such alkylradicals are, for example, 1-octyl, 1-decyl, 1-lauryl, 1-myristyl,1-cetyl and 1-stearyl. Particular preference is given to 1-octyl,1-decyl, 1-lauryl, 1-myristyl. If “oxo alcohols” are used as startingmaterials, compounds with an uneven number of carbon atoms in the alkylchain predominate.

[0199] The alkyl polyglycosides which can be used according to theinvention can, for example, contain only one certain alkyl radical R¹.These compounds are usually, however, prepared starting from naturalfats and oils or mineral oils. In this case, mixtures corresponding tothe starting compounds or corresponding to the respective work-up ofthese compounds are present as alkyl radicals R.

[0200] Particular preference is given to those alkyl polyglycosides inwhich R¹ consists

[0201] essentially of C₈- and C₁₀-alkyl groups,

[0202] essentially of C₁₂- and C₁₄-alkyl groups,

[0203] essentially of C₈- to C₁₆-alkyl groups or

[0204] essentially of C₁₂- to C₁₆-alkyl groups.

[0205] Any desired mono- or oligosaccharides can be used as sugarbuilding block Z. Sugars with 5 or 6 carbon atoms, and the correspondingoligosaccharides are usually used. Such sugars are, for example,glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose, ribose, xylose, lyxose, allose,altrose, mannose, gulose, idose, talose and sucrose. Preferred sugarbuilding blocks are glucose, fructose, galactose, arabinose and sucrose;glucose is particularly preferred.

[0206] The alkyl polyglycosides which can be used according to theinvention contain, on average, 1.1 to 5 sugar units. Alkylpolyglycosides with x values of from 1.1 to 1.6 are preferred. Veryparticular preference is given to alkyl glycosides in which x is 1.1 to1.4.

[0207] In addition to their surfactant action, the alkyl glycosides canalso serve to improve the fixing of fragrance components to the hair.Thus, in cases where an action of the perfume oil on the hair beyond theduration of the hair treatment is desired, the person skilled in the artwill thus preferably have recourse to this class of substance as afurther ingredient of the preparations according to the invention. Analkyl glucoside which is particularly preferred according to theinvention is the commercial product Plantacare® 1200G.

[0208] The alkoxylated homologues of said alkyl polyglycosides can alsobe used according to the invention. These homologues can contain, onaverage, up to 10 ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide units per alkylglycoside unit.

[0209] In addition, zwitterionic surfactants can be used, in particularas cosurfactants. Zwitterionic surfactants is the term used to describethose surface-active compounds which, in the molecule, carry at leastone quaternary ammonium group and at least one —COO⁽⁻⁾ or —SO₃ ⁽⁻⁾group. Particularly suitable zwitterionic surfactants are the betaines,such as N-alkyl-N,N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for examplecocoalkyldimethylammonium glycinate,N-acylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethylammonium glycinates, for examplecocoacylaminopropyldimethylammonium glycinate, and2-alkyl-3-carboxymethyl-3-hydroxyethylimidazolines with in each case 8to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl or acyl group, and cocoacylaminoethylhydroxyethylcarboxymethylglycinate. A preferred zwitterionic surfactantis the fatty acid amide derivative known under the INCI nameCocamidopropyl Betaine.

[0210] Likewise suitable as cosurfactants are ampholytic surfactants.Ampholytic surfactants is to be understood as meaning thosesurface-active compounds which, apart from a C₈-C₁₈-alkyl or acyl groupin the molecule, contain at least one free amino group and at least one—COOH or —SO₃H group and are capable of forming internal salts. Examplesof suitable ampholytic surfactants are N-alkylglycines, N-alkylpropionicacids, N-alkylaminobutyric acids, N-alkylaminodipropionic acids,N-hydroxyethyl-N-alkylamidopropyl-glycines, N-alkyltaurines,N-alkylsarcosines, 2-alkyl-aminopropionic acids and alkylaminoaceticacids having in each case about 8 to 18 carbon atoms in the alkyl group.Particularly preferred ampholytic surfactants areN-cocoalkylaminopropionate, cocoacylaminoethylaminopropionate andC₁₂₋₁₈-acylsarcosine.

[0211] According to the invention, the cationic surfactants used are inparticular those of the quaternary ammonium compound type, of theesterquat type and of the amidoamine type.

[0212] Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds are ammonium halides, inparticular chlorides and bromides, such as alkyltrimethylammoniumchlorides, dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides and trialkylmethylammoniumchlorides, e.g. cetyltrimethylammonium chloride,stearyltrimethylammonium chloride, distearyldimethylammonium chloride,lauryldimethylammonium chloride, lauryldimethylbenzylammonium chlorideand tricetylmethylammonium chloride, and the imidazolium compounds knownunder the INCI names Quaternium-27 and Quaternium-83. The long alkylchains of the abovementioned surfactants preferably have 10 to 18 carbonatoms.

[0213] The esterquats are known substances which contain both at leastone ester function and also at least one quaternary ammonium group asstructural element. Preferred esterquats are quaternized ester salts offatty acids with triethanolamine, quaternized ester salts of fatty acidswith diethanolalkylamines and quaternized ester salts of fatty acidswith 1,2-dihydroxypropyldialkylamines. Such products are sold, forexample, under the tradenames Stepantex®, Dehyquart® and Armocare®. Theproducts Armocare® VGH-70, anN,N-bis(2-palmitoyloxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride, and Dehyquart®F-75 and Dehyquart® AU-35 are examples of such esterquats.

[0214] The alkylamidoamines are usually prepared by amidation of naturalor synthetic fatty acids and fatty acid fractions withdialkylaminoamines. A particularly suitable compound from this group ofsubstances according to the invention is thestearamido-propyldimethylamine available commercially under the nameTegoamid® S 18.

[0215] Further cationic surfactants which can be used according to theinvention are the quaternized protein hydrolyzates.

[0216] Likewise suitable according to the invention are cationicsilicone oils, such as, for example, the commercially available productsQ2-7224 (manufacturer: Dow Corning; a stabilizedtrimethylsilylamodimethicone), Dow Corning 929 emulsion (comprising ahydroxylamino-modified silicone, which is also referred to asamodimethicones), SM-2059 (manufacturer: General Electric), SLM-55067(manufacturer: Wacker) and Abil®-Quat 3270 and 3272 (manufacturer: Th.Goldschmidt; diquaternary polydimethylsiloxanes, Quaternium-80).

[0217] An example of a quaternary sugar derivative which can be used ascationic surfactant is the commercial product Glucquat® 100, accordingto INCI nomenclature a “Lauryl Methyl Gluceth-10 Hydroxypropyl DimoniumChloride”.

[0218] The compounds containing alkyl groups used as surfactant may ineach case be uniform substances. However, it is generally preferred tostart from native vegetable or animal raw materials in the preparationof these substances, meaning that substance mixtures with varying alkylchain lengths, depending on the raw material in question, are obtained.

[0219] In the case of the surfactants which are addition products ofethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide with fatty alcohols or derivativesof these addition products, it is possible to use either products with a“normal” homologue distribution or those with a narrowed homologuedistribution. “Normal” homologue distribution is understood as meaninghere mixtures of homologues obtained during the reaction of fattyalcohol and alkylene oxide using alkali metals, alkali metal hydroxidesor alkali metal alkoxides as catalysts. By contrast, narrowed homologuedistributions are obtained when, for example, hydrotalcites, alkalineearth metal salts of ether carboxylic acids, alkaline earth metaloxides, hydroxides or alkoxides are used as catalysts. The use ofproducts with narrowed homologue distribution may be preferred.

[0220] Furthermore, the shaped bodies according to the invention maypreferably also comprise a conditioning active ingredient chosen fromthe group formed by cationic surfactants, cationic polymers,alkylamidoamines, paraffin oils, vegetable oils and synthetic oils. Withregard to the cationic surfactants, reference may be made to the abovestatements.

[0221] Cationic polymers may be preferred as conditioning activeingredients. These are usually polymers which contain a quaternarynitrogen atom, for example in the form of an ammonium group.

[0222] Preferred cationic polymers are, for example,

[0223] quaternized cellulose derivatives, as are commercially availableunder the names Celquat® and Polymer JR®. The compounds Celquat® H 100,Celquat® L 200 and Polymer JR®400 are preferred quaternized cellulosederivatives.

[0224] polymeric dimethyldiallylammonium salts and copolymers thereofwith acrylic acid and esters and amides of acrylic acid and methacrylicacid. The products commercially available under the names Merquat®100(poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)), Merquat®550(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride-acrylamide copolymer) and Merquat®280(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride/acrylic acid copolymer are examples ofsuch cationic polymers. copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone with quaternizedderivatives of dialkylaminoacrylate and -methacrylate, such as, forexample, vinylpyrrolidone-dimethylaminomethacrylate copolymersquaternized with diethyl sulfate. Such compounds are commerciallyavailable under the names Gafquat®734 and Gafquat®755.

[0225] vinylpyrrolidone-methoimidazolinium chloride copolymers, assupplied under the name Luviquat®.

[0226] quaternized polyvinyl alcohol

[0227] and the polymers known under the names

[0228] polyquaternium 2,

[0229] polyquaternium 17,

[0230] polyquaternium 18 and

[0231] polyquaternium 27 with quaternary nitrogen atoms in the polymermain chain.

[0232] Particular preference is given to cationic polymers of the fourfirst-named groups, and very particular preference is given topolyquaternium-2, polyquaternium-10 and polyquaternium-22.

[0233] Also suitable as conditioning active ingredients are siliconeoils, in particular dialkyl- and alkylaryl-siloxanes, such as, forexample, dimethylpolysiloxane and methylphenylpolysiloxane, andalkoxylated and quaternized analogs thereof. Examples of such siliconesare the products sold by Dow Corning under the names DC 190, DC 200, DC344, DC 345 and DC 1401, and the commercial products Q2-7224(manufacturer: Dow Corning; a stabilized trimethylsilylamodimethicone),Dow Corning® 929 emulsion (comprising a hydroxylamino-modified siliconewhich is also referred to as Amodimethicone), SM-2059 (manufacturer:General Electric), SLM-55067 (manufacturer: Wacker) and Abil®-Quat 3270and 3272 (manufacturer: Th. Goldschmidt; diquaternarypolydimethylsiloxane, quaternium-80).

[0234] As conditioning active ingredients it is also possible to useparaffin oils, synthetically prepared oligomeric alkenes and vegetableoils such as jojoba oil, sunflower oil, orange oil, almond oil,wheatgerm oil and peach kernel oil.

[0235] Likewise suitable hair-conditioning compounds are phospholipids,for example soybean lecithin, egg lecithin and cephalins.

[0236] Furthermore, the preparations used according to the inventionpreferably comprise at least one oil component.

[0237] Oil components suitable according to the invention are, inprinciple, all water-insoluble oils and fatty substances and mixturesthereof with solid paraffins and waxes. Water-insoluble is usedaccording to the invention to define substances whose solubility inwater is less than 0.1% by weight at 20° C.

[0238] A preferred group of oil components are vegetable oils. Examplesof such oils are sunflower oil, olive oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil,almond oil, jojoba oil, orange oil, wheatgerm oil, peach kernel oil andthe liquid fractions of coconut oil.

[0239] Also suitable, however, are other triglyceride oils, such as theliquid fractions of beef tallow and synthetic triglyceride oils.

[0240] A further, particularly preferred group of compounds which can beused according to the invention as oil component are liquid paraffinoils and synthetic hydrocarbon and di-n-alkyl ethers with a total ofbetween 12 and 36 carbon atoms, in particular 12 and 24 carbon atoms,such as, for example, di-n-octyl ether, di-n-decyl ether, di-n-nonylether, di-n-undecyl ether, di-n-dodecyl ether, n-hexyl n-octyl ether,n-octyl n-decyl ether, n-decyl n-undecyl ether, n-undecyl n-dodecylether and n-hexyl n-undecyl ether and di-tert-butyl ether, diisopentylether, di-3-ethyldecyl ether, tert-butyl n-octyl ether, isopentyln-octyl ether and 2-methylpentyl n-octyl ether. The compounds1,3-di(2-ethylhexyl)cyclohexane (Cetiol® S) and di-n-octyl ether(Cetiol® OE), which are available as commercial products, may bepreferred.

[0241] Oil components which can likewise be used according to theinvention are fatty acid and fatty alcohol esters. Preference is givento the monoesters of fatty acids with alcohols having 3 to 24 carbonatoms. This group of substances includes the products of theesterification of fatty acids having 6 to 24 carbon atoms, such as, forexample, caproic acid, caprylic acid, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, capric acid,lauric acid, isotridecanoic acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, elaidicacid, petroselic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, elaeostearic acid,arachidic acid, gadoleic acid, behenic acid and erucic acid, andtechnical-grade mixtures thereof which are produced, for example, duringthe pressurized cleavage of natural fats and oils, the oxidation ofaldehydes from the Roelen oxo synthesis or the dimerization ofunsaturated fatty acids, with alcohols such as, for example, isopropylalcohol, caproic alcohol, caprylic alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, capricalcohol, lauryl alcohol, isotridecyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetylalcohol, palmitoleyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, isostearyl alcohol, oleylalcohol, elaidyl alcohol, petroselinyl alcohol, linolyl alcohol,linolenyl alcohol, elaeostearyl alcohol, arachyl alcohol, gadoleylalcohol, behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol and brassidyl alcohol, andtechnical-grade mixtures thereof which are produced, for example, duringthe high-pressure hydrogenation of technical-grade methyl esters basedon fats and oils or aldehydes from the Roelen oxo synthesis, and asmonomer fraction during the dimerization of unsaturated fatty alcohols.According to the invention, isopropyl myristate, C16-18-alkyl isononoate(Cetiol® SN), 2-ethylhexyl stearate (Cetiol® 868), cetyl oleate,glycerol tricaprylate, coconut fatty alcohol caprate/caprylate andn-butyl stearate are particularly preferred.

[0242] Furthermore, dicarboxylic esters, such as di-n-butyl adipate,di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, di (2-ethylhexyl) succinate and diisotridecylacelate, and diol esters, such as ethylene glycol dioleate, ethyleneglycol diisotridecanoate, propylene glycol di(2-ethyl hexanoate),propylene glycol diisostearate, propylene glycol dipelargonate,butanediol diisostearate and neopentylglycol dicaprylate also representoil components which can be used according to the invention, as docomplex esters, such as, for example, diacetyl glycerol monostearate.

[0243] Finally, it is also possible to use fatty alcohols having 8 to 22carbon atoms as oil components effective according to the invention. Thefatty alcohols may be saturated or unsaturated and linear or branched.For the purposes of the invention it is possible to use, for example,decanol, octanol, octenol, dodecenol, decenol, octadienol, dodecadienol,decadienol, oleyl alcohol, erucic alcohol, ricinoleic alcohol, stearylalcohol, isostearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristylalcohol, arachidyl alcohol, caprylic alcohol, capric alcohol, linoleylalcohol, linolenyl alcohol and behenyl alcohol, and Guerbet alcoholsthereof, the intention being for this list to be exemplary andnonlimiting., However, the fatty alcohols originate from preferablynatural fatty acids, it usually being possible to start from anisolation from the esters of the fatty acids by reduction. Those fattyalcohol fractions which are produced by reduction of naturally occurringtriglycerides, such as beef tallow, palm oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil,cottonseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil and linseed oil or fatty acidesters formed from their transesterification products with correspondingalcohols, and also a mixture of different fatty alcohols can likewise beused according to the invention.

[0244] The oil components are preferably used in amounts of from 0.05 to10% by weight, in particular from 0.1 to 2% by weight, in the shapedbodies according to the invention.

[0245] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, upondissolution of the shaped bodies in water, a gel forms. For thispurpose, thickeners such as agar agar, guar gum, alginates, xanthan gum,gum arabic, karaya gum, carob seed grain, linseed gums, dextrans,cellulose derivatives, e.g. methylcellulose, hydroxyalkylcellulose andcarboxymethylcellulose, starch fractions and derivatives such asamylose, amylopectin and dextrins, clays, such as, for example,bentonite, silicates as sold, for example, under the trade namesOptigel® (Süd-Chemie) or Laponite® (Solvay), or fully synthetichydrocolloids, such as e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, are added to the shapedbody. Particularly preferred thickeners are xanthans, alginates andhighly substituted carboxymethyl-celluloses.

[0246] Further active ingredients, auxiliaries and additives are, forexample,

[0247] zwitterionic and amphoteric polymers, such as, for example,acrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride/acrylate copolymers andoctylacrylamide/methyl methacrylate/tert-butylaminoethylmethacrylate/2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate copolymers,

[0248] anionic polymers, such as, for example, polyacrylic acids,crosslinked polyacrylic acids, vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymers,vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acrylate copolymers, vinyl acetate/butylmaleate/isobornyl acrylate copolymers, methyl vinyl ether/maleicanhydride copolymers and acrylic acid/ethylacrylate/N-tert-butylacrylamide terpolymers,

[0249] structurants, such as maleic acid and lactic acid,

[0250] protein hydrolyzates, in particular the hydrolyzates of elastin,collagen, keratin, milk protein, soybean protein and wheat protein, thecondensation products thereof with fatty acids, and quaternized proteinhydrolyzates,

[0251] perfume oils, dimethyl isosorbide and cyclodextrins,

[0252] solvents and solubility promoters, such as ethylene glycol,propylene glycol, glycerol and diethylene glycol,

[0253] fiber structure-improving active ingredients, in particularmono-, di- and oligosaccharides, such as, for example, glucose,galactose, fructose, fruit sugars and lactose,

[0254] quaternized amines, such asmethyl-1-alkylamido-ethyl-2-alkylimidazolinium methosulfate

[0255] antifoams, such as silicones,

[0256] dyes for coloring the agent,

[0257] antidandruff active ingredients, such as piroctone olamine, zincomadine and climbazole,

[0258] light protection agents, in particular derivatized benzophenones,cinnamic acid derivatives and triazines,

[0259] substances for adjusting the pH, such as, for example, customaryacids, in particular food acids and bases

[0260] active ingredients, such as allantoin, pyrrolidonecarboxylicacids and salts thereof, and bisabolol,

[0261] vitamins, provitamins and vitamin precursors, in particular thoseof groups A, B₃, B₅, B₆, C, E, F and H,

[0262] plant extracts, such as the extracts from green tea, oak bark,stinging nettle, hamamelis, hops, chamomile, burdock, horsetail,hawthorn, lime blossom, almond, aloe vera, spruce needle, horsechestnut, sandalwood, juniper, coconut, mango, apricot, lime, wheat,kiwi, melon, orange, grapefruit, sage, rosemary, birch, mallow, lady'ssmock, wild thyme, yarrow, thyme, balm, restharrow, coltsfoot,marshmallow, meristem, ginseng and root ginger,

[0263] cholesterol,

[0264] bodying agents, such as sugar esters, polyolesters or polyolalkyl ethers,

[0265] fats and waxes, such as spermaceti, beeswax, montan wax andparaffins,

[0266] fatty acid alkanolamides,

[0267] complexing agents, such as EDTA, NTA, β-alaninediacetic acid andphosphonic acids,

[0268] swelling and penetration substances, such as glycerol, propyleneglycol monoethyl ether, carbonates, hydrogencarbonates, guanidines,ureas and primary, secondary and tertiary phosphates,

[0269] opacifiers, such as latex, styrene/PVP and styrene/acrylamidecopolymers,

[0270] pearlizing agents, such as ethylene glycol mono- and distearate,and PEG-3 distearate,

[0271] pigments,

[0272] stabilizing agents for the oxidizing agent,

[0273] antioxidants.

[0274] With regard to further optional components and the amounts ofthese components used, reference is expressly made to the relevanthandbooks known to the person skilled in the art, e.g. Kh. Schrader,Grundlagen und Rezepturen der Kosmetika [Cosmetic Formulations andBases], 2nd edition, Hüthig Buch Verlag, Heidelberg, 1989.

[0275] It may also be preferred according to the invention toencapsulate separately individual active ingredients prior to theirincorporation into the shaped bodies; thus, it is, for example,conceivable to use particularly reactive components or else thefragrances in encapsulated form.

[0276] Shaped Body Geometries

[0277] The shaped bodies according to the invention can assume anygeometric shape, such as, for example, concave, convex, biconcave,biconvex, cubic, tetragonal, orthorhombic, cylindrical, spherical,cylinder-segment-like, discoid, tetrahedral, dodecahedral, octahedral,conical, pyramidal, ellipsoid, pentagon-, hectagon- andoctagon-prismatic, and rhombohedral shapes. It is also possible torealize entirely irregular areas, such as arrow or animal shapes, trees,clouds, etc. Formation as bars, rods or ingots, cubes, blocks andcorresponding three-dimensional elements having planar side faces, andin particular cylindrical designs with a circular or oval cross sectionare preferred according to the invention. This cylindrical design covershere forms ranging from tablets to compact cylinder sections with aheight to diameter ratio of more than 1. If the basic shaped body hascorners and edges, then these are preferably rounded off. As additionalvisual differentiation, an embodiment having rounded corners and beveled(“chamfered”) edges is preferred.

[0278] In a first preferred embodiment, the portioned compacts can ineach case be designed as an individual element separate from the otherswhich corresponds to the predetermined dosage amount of the colorantand/or the oxidizing agent. Likewise, however, it is possible to designcompacts which combine a plurality of such mass units in one compact,the provision for portioned smaller units to be readily separated offbeing in particular by means of pregiven breakage points. The design ofthe portioned compacts as tablets in cylinder or block form may beadvantageous where a diameter/height ratio in the range from about 0.5:2to 2:0.5 is preferred. Commercially available hydraulic presses,eccentric presses or rotary presses, in particular, are suitable devicesfor the preparation of such compacts.

[0279] The preferred three-dimensional shape of the shaped bodiesaccording to the invention has a rectangular base, where the height ofthe shaped body is less than the smaller rectangular side of the base.Rounded corners are preferred in this supply form.

[0280] A further preferred shaped body which can be prepared has aplate-like or bar-like structure with alternating long thick and shortthin segments, so that individual segments can be broken off from this“slab” at the intended breakage points, which represent the short thinsegments, and can be used in this way in portions. This principle of the“slab-like” shaped body can also be realized in other geometric shapes,for example vertical triangles connected to one another along only oneof their sides.

[0281] In a second preferred embodiment, the various components are notcompressed to give a uniform tablet, but during tableting shaped bodiesare obtained which have two or more layers, i.e. at least two layers. Inthis connection, it is also possible for these various layers to havedifferent dissolution rates. Advantageous performance properties of theshaped bodies may result from this. If, for example, components arepresent in the shaped bodies which have a mutually negative effect, thenit is possible to integrate one component into the more rapidlydissolving layer and to incorporate the other component into a moreslowly dissolving layer so that the components do not react with oneanother during the dissolution operation.

[0282] According to the invention, it is particularly preferred if theshaped bodies consist of at least three layers, a first layer (A)comprising the dye preparation and the alkalinizing agent, a secondlayer (B) representing an inert interlayer and a third layer (C)comprising the oxidizing agent preparation.

[0283] The layer structure of the shaped bodies can either bestack-like, where a dissolution process of the internal layer(s) takesplace at the edges of the shaped body if the outer layers have still notcompletely dissolved. A preferred stacking sequence is (A), (B), (C). Inthe case of the stack-like arrangement, the stack axis can be arrangedas desired relative to the tablet axis. The stacking axis can thus, forexample in the case of a cylindrical tablet, be parallel orperpendicular to the height of the cylinder.

[0284] However, according to a further embodiment, it may also bepreferred if complete coverage of the internal layer(s) by the outerlayer(s) is achieved, which leads to prevention of premature dissolutionof constituents of the internal layer(s). Preference is given to shapedbodies in which the layer (A) is completely covered by the layer (B) andthis in turn is completely covered by the layer (C). Likewise, shapedbodies may be preferred in which the layer (C) is completely covered bythe layer (B) and this in turn is completely covered by the layer (A).

[0285] Similar effects can also be achieved by coating individualconstituents of the composition to be compressed or of the overallshaped body. In this connection, the bodies to be coated can, forexample, be sprayed with aqueous solutions or emulsions, or else acoating can be obtained by means of the process of hot-melt coating.

[0286] Following compression, the shaped bodies have high stability. Thefracture strength of cylindrical shaped bodies can be ascertained bymeans of the parameter of diametral fracture stress. This diametralfracture stress can be determined by$\sigma = \frac{2P}{\pi \quad {Dt}}$

[0287] where σ represents the diametral fracture stress (DFS) in Pa, Pis the force in N which leads to the pressure exerted on the shapedbody, which pressure causes the fracture of the tablet, D is thediameter of the shaped body in meters, and t is the height of the shapedbody.

[0288] The shaped bodies of the present invention advantageously have adensity of from 0.3 g/cm³ to 2.0 g/cm³, in particular from 0.5 g/cm³ to1.1 g/cm³.

[0289] In a third preferred embodiment, the shaped bodies according tothe invention consist of a shaped body prepared per se by knowntableting operations and described by the term “basic shaped body” whichhas a depression. Preferably, the basic shaped body is firstly preparedand the further compressed part is introduced onto or into this basicshaped body in a further processing step. The resulting product isreferred to below by the general term “depression shaped body” or“depression tablet”.

[0290] According to the invention, the basic shaped body can inprinciple assume all realizable three-dimensional shapes. Particularpreference is given to the three-dimensional shapes already given above.The shape of the depression can be freely chosen, preference beinggiven, according to the invention, to shaped bodies in which at leastone depression can assume a concave, convex, cubic, tetragonal,orthorhombic, cylindrical, spherical, cylinder-segmentlike, discoid,tetrahedral, dodecahedral, octahedral, conical, pyramidal, ellipsoid,pentagon-, heptagon- and octagon-prismatic and rhombohedral forms. It isalso possible to realize completely irregular depression shapes, such asarrow or animal shapes, trees, clouds, etc. As with the base shapedbodies, depressions with rounded corners and edges or with roundedcorners and beveled edges are preferred.

[0291] The size of the depression relative to the overall shaped body isgoverned by the desired intended use of the shaped body. Depending onwhether a smaller or larger amount of active substance is to be presentin the second compressed part, the size of the depression may vary.Irrespective of the intended use, preference is given to shaped bodiesin which the weight ratio of basic shaped body to depression filling iswithin the range from 1:1 to 100:1, preferably from 2:1 to 80:1,particularly preferably from 3:1 to 50:1 and in particular from 4:1 to30:1.

[0292] Similar statements can be made as regards the surface areafractions accounted for by the basic shaped body and by the depressionfilling of the total surface area of the shaped body. In this case,preference is given to shaped bodies in which the surface area of theimpressed depression filling constitutes 1 to 25%, preferably 2 to 20%,particularly preferably 3 to 15% and in particular 4 to 10% of the totalsurface area of the filled basic shaped body.

[0293] If, for example, the total shaped body has dimensions of 20×20×40mm and thus a total surface area of 40 cm², then preference is given todepression fillings which have a surface area of from 0.4 to 10 cm²,preferably 0.8 to 8 cm², particularly preferably from 1.2 to 6 cm² andin particular from 1.6 to 4 cm².

[0294] The depression filling and the basic shaped body are preferablycolored so as to be visually distinguishable. In addition to the visualdifferentiation, depression tablets have performance advantages on theone hand as a result of different solubilities of the different regions,but on the other hand also as a result of the separate storage of theactive ingredients in the different regions of the shaped body.

[0295] Shaped bodies in which the impressed depression filling dissolvesmore slowly than the basic shaped body are preferred according to theinvention. By incorporating certain constituents, on the one hand, it ispossible to vary the solubility of the depression filling in a targetedmanner; secondly, the release of certain ingredients from the depressionfilling may lead to advantages in the coloring process. Ingredientswhich are preferably localized, at least proportionately, in thedepression filling are, for example, the conditioning activeingredients, oily substances, vitamins and plant active ingredientsdescribed below.

[0296] Tableting

[0297] The shaped bodies according to the invention are prepared byfirstly dry-mixing the constituents, some or all of which may have beenpregranulated, and subsequently shaping the mixture, in particular bycompression to give tablets, in which context it is possible to haverecourse to known processes. To prepare the shaped bodies according tothe invention, the premix is compacted in a “die” between two punches toform a solid compact. This operation, which is referred to below forshort as tableting, is divided into four sections; metering, compaction(elastic deformation), plastic deformation and ejection.

[0298] Firstly, the premix is introduced into the die, the fill leveland thus the weight and the shape of the resulting shaped body beingdetermined by the position of the lower punch and by the shape of thecompression tool. Even in the case of high shaped body throughput,constant metering is preferably achieved by volumetric metering of thepremix. In the subsequent course of tableting, the upper punch contactsthe premix and is lowered further in the direction of the lower punch.In the course of this compaction, the particles of the premix arepressed closer to one another, with a continual reduction in the voidvolume within the filling between the punches. When the upper punchreaches a certain position (and thus when a certain pressure is actingon the premix), plastic deformation begins in which the particlescoalesce and the shaped body forms. Depending on the physical propertiesof the premix, a portion of the premix particles is also crushed and ateven higher pressures there is sintering of the premix. With anincreasing compression rate, i.e. high throughputs, the phase of elasticdeformation becomes shorter and shorter, with the result that the shapedbodies which form may have larger or smaller voids. In the final step oftableting, the finished shaped body is ejected from the die by the lowerpunch and conveyed away by means of downstream transport means. At thispoint in time, it is only the weight of the shaped body which has beenultimately defined, since the compacts may still change their shape andsize as a result of physical processes (elastic relaxation,crystallographic effects, cooling, etc.).

[0299] Tableting is carried out in standard commercial tabletingpresses, which may in principle be equipped with single or doublepunches. In the latter case, pressure is built up not only using theupper punch, but the lower punch as well moves toward the upper punchduring the compression operation, while the upper punch pressesdownward. For small production volumes it is preferred to use eccentrictableting presses in which the punch or punches is/are attached to aneccentric disk, which in turn is mounted on an axle having a definedspeed of rotation. The movement of these compression punches iscomparable with the way in which a customary four-stroke engine works.Compression can take place with one upper and one lower punch, or else aplurality of punches may be attached to one eccentric disk, the numberof die bores being increased correspondingly. The throughputs ofeccentric presses vary, depending on the model, from several hundred upto a maximum of 3000 tablets per hour.

[0300] For greater throughputs, the presses chosen are rotary tabletingpresses in which a relatively large number of dies is arranged in acircle on a “die table”. Depending on the model, the number of diesvaries between 6 and 55, larger dies also being available commercially.Each die on the die table is allocated an upper punch and a lower punch,it being possible again for the compressive pressure to be built upactively by the upper punch or lower punch only, or else by bothpunches. The die table and the punches move around a common verticalaxis, and during rotation the punches, by means of rail-like cam track,are brought into the position for filling, compaction, plasticdeformation and ejection. At those sites where considerable raising orlowering of the punches is necessary (filling, compaction, ejection),these cam tracks are assisted by additional low-pressure actions, lowtension rails and discharge tracks. The die is filled by way of a rigidsupply means, the “filling shoe”, which is connected to a storage vesselfor the premix. The compressive force on the premix can be adjustedindividually for upper punch and lower punch by way of compressionpaths, the pressure being built up by the rolling movement of the punchshaft heads past displaceable pressure rolls.

[0301] In order to increase the throughput, rotary presses may also beprovided with two filling shoes, where only one half-circle need betraveled to produce one tablet. For the production of two-layer andmultilayer shaped bodies, a plurality of filling shoes are arranged inseries, and the gently pressed first layer is not ejected before furtherfilling. By means of an appropriate process regime, it is possible inthis way to produce coated tablets and inlay tablets as well, having aconstruction like that of an onion skin, in the case of the inlay tabletthe top face of the core or of the core layers is not covered andtherefore remains visible. Rotary tableting presses can also be equippedwith single or multiple tools, so that, for example, an outer circlewith 50 bores and an inner circle with 35 bores can be usedsimultaneously for compression. The throughputs of modern rotarytableting presses amount to more than one million shaped bodies perhour.

[0302] When tableting with rotary presses, it has proven advantageous tocarry out tableting with minimal fluctuations in tablet weight.Fluctuations in tablet hardness can also be reduced in this way. Slightfluctuations in weight can be achieved as follows:

[0303] use of plastic inserts with small thickness tolerances

[0304] low rotor speed

[0305] large filling shoes

[0306] matching of the rotary speed of the filling shoe wing to thespeed of the rotor

[0307] filling shoe with constant powder height

[0308] decoupling of filling shoe and powder charge

[0309] To reduce caking on the punches, all of the antiadhesion coatingsknown from the art are available. Plastic coatings, plastic inserts orplastic punches are particularly advantageous. Rotating punches havealso proven advantageous in which case, where possible, upper punch andlower punch should be of rotatable configuration. In the case ofrotating punches, it is generally possible to dispense with a plasticinsert. In this case the punch surfaces should be electropolished.

[0310] It has also been found that long compression times areadvantageous. These times can be established using pressure rails, aplurality of pressure rolls, or low rotor speeds. Since the fluctuationsin tablet hardness are caused by fluctuations in the compressive forces,systems should be employed which limit the compressive force. In thiscase, it is possible to use elastic punches, pneumatic compensators, orsprung elements in the force path. In addition, the pressure roll may beof sprung design.

[0311] Tableting machines suitable for the purposes for the presentinvention are available, for example, from the following companies:Apparatebau Holzwarth GbR, Asperg, Wilhelm Fette GmbH, Schwarzenbek,Fann Instruments Company, Houston, Tex. (USA), Hofer GmbH, Weil, Horn &Noack Pharmatechnik GmbH, Worms, IMA Verpackungssysteme GmbH Viersen,KILIAN, Köln, KOMAGE, Kell am See, KORSCH Pressen AG, Berlin, and alsoRomaco GmbH, Worms. Examples of further suppliers are Dr. Herbert Pete,Vienna (AT), Mapag Maschinenbau AG, Bern (CH), BWI Manesty, Liverpool(GB), I. Holand Ltd., Nottingham (GB), Courtoy N.V., Halle (BE/LU) andalso Mediopharm Kamnik (SI). A particularly suitable apparatus is, forexample, the hydraulic double-pressure press HPF 630 from LAEIS, D.tableting tools are available, for example, from the followingcompanies: Adams Tablettierwerkzeuge, Dresden, Wilhelm Fett GmbH,Schwarzenbek, Klaus Hammer, Solingen, Herber % Söhne GmbH, Hamburg,Hofer GmbH, Weil, Horn & Noack, Pharmatechnik GmbH, Worms, RitterPharamatechnik GmbH, Hamburg, Romaco, GmbH, Worms and NotterWerkzeugbau, Tamm. Further suppliers are, for example, Senss AG, Reinach(CH) and Medicopharm, Kamnik (SI).

[0312] However, the process for the preparation of the shaped bodies isnot limited to compressing only one particulate premix to give a shapedbody. Rather, the process may also be extended to the effect that, in amanner known per se, multilayer shaped bodies are produced by preparingtwo or more premixes which are compressed one on top of the other. Here,the first premix introduced is slightly precompressed in order toacquire a smooth top face which extends parallel to the shaped bodybase, and, after the second premix has been introduced, finalcompression takes place to give the finished shaped body. In the case ofshaped bodies with three or more layers, there is a furtherprecompression following the addition of each premix before the shapedbody, after the addition of the last premix, undergoes finalcompression.

[0313] The compression of the particulate composition into thedepression may take place in analogy to the production of the basicshaped body on tableting presses. Preference is given to a procedure inwhich first the base tablet including depression is produced, thenfilled and subsequently compressed again. This can be done by ejectingthe base shaped bodies from a first tableting press, filling them, andtransporting them to a second tableting press in which final compressiontakes place. Alternatively, final compression may also take place bymeans of pressure rolls which roll over the shaped bodies situated on aconveyor belt. It is, however, also possible to provide a rotarytableting press with different sets of punches, so that a first set ofpunches impresses indentations into the shaped bodies and the second setof punches, after filling, ensures a planar surface of the shaped bodyby means of postcompression.

[0314] Packaging

[0315] As described above, the shaped bodies prepared according to theinvention can be provided in whole or in part with a coating. Processesin which an aftertreatment consists in applying a coating layer to thesurface(s) of the shaped bodies in which the filled depression(s) is(are) located, or in applying a coating layer to the entire shaped bodyare preferred in accordance with the invention.

[0316] Following production, the shaped bodies according to theinvention may be packaged, the use of certain packaging systems havingproven particularly useful since these packaging systems on the one handincrease the storage stability of the ingredients but on the other handalso, if appropriate, improve markedly the long-term adhesion of thedepression filling. The term “packaging system” always characterizes forthe purposes of the present invention the primary packaging of theshaped body, i.e. the packaging whose inside is in direct contact withthe surface of the shaped body. No requirements of any kind are placedon an optional secondary packaging, meaning that all customary materialsand systems can be used here.

[0317] According to the invention, preference is given to packagingsystems which have only a low moisture transmission rate. In this way,the coloring ability of the shaped bodies according to the invention canbe retained over a prolonged period, even if, for example, hygroscopiccomponents are used in the shaped bodies. Particular preference is givento packaging systems which have a moisture vapor transmission rate offrom 0.1 g/m²/day to less than 20 g/m²/day if the packaging system isstored at 23° C. and a relative equilibrium humidity of 85%. Saidtemperature and humidity conditions are the test conditions specified inDIN Standard 53122, which allows minimal deviations (23±1° C., 85±2%relative humidity). The moisture vapor transmission rate of a givenpackaging system or material can be determined in accordance withfurther standard methods and is also described, for example, in ASTMStandard E-96-53T (“Test for measuring water vapor transmission ofmaterials in sheet form”) and in the TAPPI Standard T464 m-45 (“Watervapor permeability of sheet materials at high temperature andhumidity”). The measurement principle of common techniques is based onthe water absorption of anhydrous calcium chloride which is stored in acontainer in the appropriate atmosphere, the container being closed atthe top face with the material to be tested. From the surface area ofthe container closed with the material to be tested (permeation area),the weight increase of the calcium chloride, and the exposure time, itis possible to calculate the moisture vapor transmission rate asfollows:${FDDR} = {\frac{24 \cdot 10000}{A} \cdot {\frac{x}{y}\left\lbrack {{{g/m^{2}}/24}h} \right\rbrack}}$

[0318] where A is the area of the material to be tested in cm², x is theincrease in weight of the calcium chloride in g and y is the exposuretime in h.

[0319] The relative equilibrium humidity, often referred to as “relativeatmospheric humidity” is 85% at 23° C. when the moisture vaportransmission rate is measured in the context of the present invention.The ability of air to absorb water vapor increases with temperature upto a particular maximum content, termed the saturation content, and isspecified in g/m³. For example, 1 m³ of air at 17° is saturated with14.4 g of water vapor, at a temperature of 11°, saturation is reachedwith just 10 g of water vapor. The relative atmospheric humidity is theratio of the water vapor content actually present to the saturationcontent at the prevailing temperature, expressed as a percentage. If,for example, air at 17° contains 12 g/m³ of water vapor, in the relativeatmospheric humidity (RH)=(12/14.4)·100=83%. If this air is cooled, thensaturation (100% RH) is reached at what is known as the dew point (inthe example: 14°), i.e., on further cooling a precipitate is formed inthe form of a mist (dew). The humidity is determined quantitativelyusing hygrometers and psychrometers.

[0320] The relative equilibrium humidity of 85% at 23° C. can beestablished precisely, for example, in laboratory chambers with humiditycontrol, to +/−2% RH depending on the type of apparatus. In addition,constant and well-defined relative atmospheric humidities are formed inclosed systems at a given temperature over saturated solutions ofcertain salts, these humidities deriving from the phase equilibriumbetween partial pressure of the water, saturated solution and sediment.

[0321] The combinations of shaped bodies and packaging system may ofcourse for their part be packaged in secondary packaging, for examplecartons or trays; no further requirements need be imposed on thesecondary packaging. Accordingly, the secondary packaging is possiblebut not necessary.

[0322] Depending on the embodiment of the invention, the packagingsystem includes one or more shaped bodies. According to the invention,it is preferred either to design a shaped body in such a way that itcomprises one application unit of the colorant, and to package thisshaped body individually, or to pack into one packaging unit the numberof shaped bodies which totals one application unit. This principle canof course be extended so that, in accordance with the invention,combinations may also comprise three, four, five or even more shapedbodies in one packaging unit. Two or more shaped bodies in one packagecan of course have different compositions. In this way it is possible tospatially separate certain components from one another in order, forexample, to avoid stability problems.

[0323] The packaging system of the combination according to theinvention may consist of a very wide variety of materials and may assumeany desired external shapes. For cost reasons and for reasons of greaterease of processing, however, preference is given to packaging systems inwhich the packaging material has a low weight, is easy to process and iscompatible in a cost-effective and ecological manner.

[0324] In a first combination as preferred according to the invention,the packaging system consists of a bag or pouch of single-layer orlaminated paper and/or polymer film. In this connection, the shapedbodies may be filled unsorted, i.e. as a loose heap, into a pouch madeof said materials. However, for aesthetic reasons and for sorting thecombinations into secondary packagings, it is preferred to fill theshaped bodies individually, or sorted into groups of two or more, intobags or pouches. These packaging systems may then optionally—again,preferably sorted—be packaged into outer packagings which emphasizes thecompact supply form of the shaped body.

[0325] The bags or pouches made of single-layer or laminated paper orpolymer film preferred for use as packaging systems may be designed in avery wide variety of ways, for example as inflated pouches without acenter seam or as pouches with a center seam which are sealed by heat(high-temperature melting), adhesives, or adhesive tapes. Single-layerpouch and bag materials are the known papers, which may optionally beimpregnated, and also polymer films, which may optionally be coextruded.Polymer films that can be used as a packaging system in the context ofthe present invention are specified, for example, in Hans Domininghaus“Die Kunststoffe und ihre Eigenschaften”, 3^(rd) Edition, VDI Verlag,Düsseldorf, 1988, page 193. FIG. 111 shown therein also givesindications of the water vapor permeability of the materials mentioned.

[0326] Although it is possible, in addition to said films and papers, toalso use wax-coated papers in the form of cardboard packaging as apackaging system for the shaped bodies, it is preferred in the contextof the present invention for the packaging system not to comprise anycardboard boxes made of wax-coated paper.

[0327] No requirements of any kind are imposed on the optional secondarypackaging, meaning that all customary materials and systems can be usedhere.

[0328] Preference is likewise given to embodiments in which thepackaging system is of resealable configuration. It has, for example,proven practicable to use, as the packaging system, a resealable smalltube made of glass, plastic or metal. In this way it is possible tooptimize the dosability of the hair-coloring products, meaning that theconsumer can, for example, be instructed to use one shaped body in eachcase per defined hair length unit. Packaging systems which have amicroperforation may also be realized with preference in accordance withthe invention.

[0329] The present invention secondly provides for the use of the shapedbodies described above for the preparation of a means for coloringkeratin fibers.

[0330] The present invention thirdly provides a method of coloringkeratin fibers in which one or more shaped bodies are dissolved inwater, the resulting preparation is applied to the fibers and, after acontact time, rinsed out again.

[0331] Although, in principle, it is preferred to incorporate all activeingredients required for the hair coloration except for the solvent intothe shaped body, it may nevertheless be preferred according to theinvention to add further active ingredients to the preparation obtainedby dissolving the tablet in water. For example, the consumer may beinstructed to add a special coloring component for further shading, or afurther oxidation component for further lightening. According to theinvention, it may also be preferred to add to this preparation, directlyprior to application, further active ingredients which cannot be stablyformulated in the shaped body, such as, for example, special enzymepreparations or liquid care components.

[0332] In this connection, the application temperatures may be in arange between 15 and 40° C., preferably at the temperature of the scalp.The contact time is usually about 5 to 45, in particular 15 to 30,minutes. If no considerable surfactant-containing carrier has been used,it may be preferred to then cleanse the head treated in this way with ashampoo.

EXAMPLES

[0333] The following hair-coloring shaped bodies were prepared:

Example 1

[0334] 1 Coloring tablet - Blonde Gold (2 g) Avicel ® pH 102¹ 0.70 gOptigel ® SH² 0.09 g Jaguar ® HP 120³ 0.14 g Amaze ®⁴ 0.08 g HC YellowNo. 12 0.02 g HC Blue No. 2 0.01 g 2-Amino-6-chloro-4-nitrophenol 0.004g HC Yellow No. 6 0.006 g Luviskol ® K30⁵ 0.05 g D + Lactose ad 2 g

Example 2

[0335] 1 Coloring tablet - Red (2 g) Avicel ® pH 102 0.70 g Optigel ® SH0.09 g Jaguar ® HP 120³ 0.14 g Amaze ® 0.08 g HC Red No. 3 0.1 g4-Amino-3-nitrophenol 0.08 g N,N′-bis(2′-hydroxyethyl)-2- 0.08 gnitro-p-phenylenediamine Luviskol ® K30 0.05 g D + Lactose ad 2 g

Example 3

[0336] 1 Coloring tablet - Brown (2 g) Avicel ® pH 102 0.30 g Arbocel ®FT 600-30H⁶ 0.30 g HC Blue No. 2 0.26 g 4-Amino-3-nitrophenol 0.02 g HCYellow No. 12 0.02 g HC Yellow No. 6 0.02 g Keltrol ® F⁷ 0.06 gKelcogel ® LT 100⁸ 0.14 g Optigel ® SH 0.10 g Luviskol ® K30 0.06 g D +Lactose ad 2 g

What is claimed is:
 1. A shaped body for coloring keratin fibers,comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable carrier, at least one syntheticsubstantive dye.
 2. The shaped body of claim 1, further comprising atleast one dissolution accelerator.
 3. The shaped body of claim 2,wherein the synthetic substantive dye comprises a nitro dye.
 4. Theshaped body of claim 2, wherein the synthetic substantive dye comprisesan azo dye, an anthraquinone derivative or a naphthoquinone derivative,or combinations thereof.
 5. The shaped body of claim 2, wherein thesynthetic substantive dye comprises a cationic substantive dye.
 6. Theshaped body of claim 5, wherein the cationic substantive dye comprisesone or more (i) cationic triphenylmethane dyes, (ii) aromatic ringsystems that are substituted by at least one quaternary nitrogen group,or (iii) substantive dyes having a heterocycle group, wherein theheterocycle group has at least one quaternary nitrogen atom.
 7. Theshaped body of claim 2, further comprising at least one alkalinizingagent.
 8. The shaped body of claim 2, further comprising at least onedye precursor, wherein the dye precursor comprises a developercomponent.
 9. The shaped body of claim 8, further comprising at leastone oxidizing agent, wherein the oxidizing agent comprises an additionproduct of hydrogen peroxide.
 10. The shaped body of claim 9, whereinthe oxidizing agent comprises a percarbamide.
 11. The shaped body ofclaim 2, further comprising at least one dye precursor, wherein the dyeprecursor comprises at least one indole derivative or at least oneindoline derivative, or combinations thereof.
 12. The shaped body ofclaim 11, further comprising at least one oxidizing agent, wherein theoxidizing agent comprises an addition product of hydrogen peroxide. 13.The shaped body of claim 2, wherein the dissolution acceleratorcomprises at least one disintegration auxiliary.
 14. The shaped body ofclaim 1, wherein the shaped body is formed at least in part bycompressing one or more individual constituents present in the shapedbody, and wherein at least one of the individual constituents or theoverall shaped body, or both is coated with a coating.
 15. The shapedbody of claim 1, wherein the shaped body, upon dissolution in acomposition comprising water, forms a gel.
 16. The shaped body of claim1, wherein the shaped body is covered by a primary packaging.
 17. Amethod for preparing a composition for coloring keratin fiberscomprising adding at least one shaped body of claim 1 to a compositioncomprising water.
 18. The method of claim 17, wherein the shaped bodyfurther comprises at least one dissolution accelerator.
 19. A method ofcoloring keratin fibers comprising: a) disintegrating or dissolving orboth at least one shaped body of claim 1 in a composition comprisingwater to form a coloring composition; b) applying the coloringcomposition to keratin fibers for a contact time; and c) rinsing thekeratin fibers after the contact time.
 20. The method of claim 19,wherein the shaped body further comprises at least one dissolutionaccelerator.
 21. A method of making the shaped body of claim 1comprising: a) forming a mixture comprising the synthetic substantivedye; and b) compressing the mixture to form a portion of the shaped bodyor the entire shaped body.
 22. The method of claim 21, wherein theshaped body further comprises at least one dissolution accelerator.